Housing
Styles
Ranch Style Home
(1966)
Ranch-style housing (also American
ranch, California ranch, rambler or rancher)
is a domestic architectural style originating
in the United
States. The ranch house is noted for its long, close-to-the-ground
profile, and minimal use of exterior and interior decoration. The houses fuse
modernist ideas and styles with notions of the American Western period working
ranches to create a very informal and casual living style.
First built in the 1920s, the
ranch style was extremely popular with the booming post-war middle class of the 1940s to 1970s. The
style is often associated with tract
housing built
at this time, particularly in the western United States, which experienced a
population explosion during this period, with a corresponding demand for
housing. The style was exported to other nations and so is found in other
countries. Their popularity waned in the late 20th century as neo-eclectic house styles, a return to using historical
and traditional decoration, became popular
Bungalow Style House
A bungalow is a type of building. Across the
world, the meaning of the word bungalow varies. Common features of many
bungalows include verandas and being low-rise. In Australia, the California
bungalow was
popular after the First World War. In North America and theUnited Kingdom a bungalow today is a residential building,
normally detached, which is either single-story or has a second story built
into a sloping roof, usually with dormer windows (one-and-a-half stories). Full vertical walls
are therefore only seen on one story, at least on the front and rear
elevations. Usually the buildings are relatively small, especially from recent
decades; although, early examples may be large, in which case the term bungalow tends not to be used today.
The Townhouse
In the United States and Canada, a townhouse
has two connotations. The older predates the automobile and denotes a house on
a small footprint in a city, but because of its multiple floors (sometimes six
or more), it has a large living space, often with servant's quarters. The small
footprint of the townhouse allows it to be within walking or mass transit
distance of business and industrial areas of the city, yet luxurious enough for
wealthy residents of the city.[2]
Townhouses in
Portland, Oregon
Townhouse in East
30th Street, New York
In areas so densely built that
detached single-family houses are uncommon or almost nonexistent, ownership of
a townhouse connotes wealth. Some examples of cities where townhouses are occupied
almost exclusively by the wealthy are New York City, Chicago, Boston,
Philadelphia, Toronto, Washington, DC, and San Francisco.
A Frame House
An A-frame house is an architectural house style[1] featuring steeply-angled sides (roofline)
that usually begin at or near the foundation line, and meet at the top in the
shape of the letter A. An
A-frame ceiling can be open to the top rafters.
Although the triangle shape of
the A-frame has been present throughout history, it surged in popularity around
the world in the post-World War II era,
from roughly the mid-1950s through the 1970s. It was during this time that the
A-frame acquired its most defining characteristics.
Georgian Style House
Georgian buildings, popular
during the reign of King
George III were
ideally built in brick, with wood trim, wooden columns and painted white. In
what would become the United States, however, one found both brick buildings as
well as those in wood with clapboards. They were sometimes painted a pale
yellow. This differentiated them from most other structures that were usually
not painted. Mostly box shaped with muiltiple chimneys.
A Georgian colonial house
usually has a formally defined living
room, dining
room and
sometimes a family
room. The bedrooms are typically on the second floor. They
also have one or two chimneys that can be very large.
Log Style Home
A log house (or log home) is structurally
identical to a log cabin (a house typically made from logs that have not been milled into conventionallumber). The
term "log cabin" is not preferred by most contemporary builders, as
it generally refers to a smaller, more rustic log house such as a hunting cabin
in the woods, or a summer cottage.
Mansion Home
A mansion is a large dwelling house. Built in Renaissance Revival style,The Breakers in Newport,
Rhode Island, is one of
the best known 19th-century mansions in the United States.
Saltbox House
A saltbox is a building with a long, pitched roof that slopes down to the back, generally a wooden frame house. A saltbox has just one story in the back and two stories in the front. The flat front and
central chimney are recognizable features, but the asymmetry of
the unequal sides and the long, low rear roof line are the most distinctive
features of a saltbox, which takes its name from its resemblance to a wooden
lidded box in which salt was once kept.
Spanish Style House
The Spanish Colonial Revival Style is a United
States architectural stylistic movement arising in the early 20th century based on
theSpanish Colonial architecture of the Spanish colonization of the
Americas.
The Panama-California Exposition of 1915 in San
Diego, highlighting the work of architect Bertram
Goodhue, is credited with giving the style national exposure. Embraced
principally in California and Florida, the
Spanish Colonial Revival movement enjoyed its greatest popularity between 1915
and 1931.
Frank Lloyd Wright
One of Wright's most
famous private residences was built from 1934 to 1937—Fallingwater—for Mr. and Mrs. Edgar J. Kaufmann Sr., at Mill Run, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh. It was designed according to Wright's desire to place the
occupants close to the natural surroundings, with a stream and waterfall
running under part of the building. Wright wanted the new residents to live
with the waterfalls, to make them part of their everyday lives. He didn't want
them to just look at them every now and again. Constructed over a 30-foot
waterfall, the house may look very big on the outside but on the inside it is
quite small, which surprises some visitors.[51] It was made with three bedrooms, a massive
living room and a dining room. The house was more of a design for a family
getaway, not for a live-in family.[52] The construction is a series of cantilevered
balconies and terraces, using limestone for all verticals and concrete for the
horizontals. The house cost $155,000, including the architect's fee of $8,000.
It was one of Wright's most expensive pieces.[52] Kaufmann's own engineers argued that the design
was not sound. They were overruled by Wright, but the contractor secretly added
extra steel to the horizontal concrete elements. In 1994, Robert Silman and
Associates examined the building and developed a plan to restore the structure.
In the late 1990s, steel supports were added under the lowest cantilever until
a detailed structural analysis could be done. In March 2002, post-tensioning of the lowest terrace was completed.
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